This study aims to shed light on the concept of secularism and the historical development that led to its emergence in Europe, as well as how it was transferred to the Islamic world. It also seeks to highlight the relationship between religion and politics in Islam. Furthermore, it aims to examine the conflict between the two currents—the Islamist and the secular—in the Middle East during the post-European colonial period in Muslim countries, by attempting to explore the arguments upon which the secular current bases its call for the separation of religion from the state and the responses of the Islamist current to these arguments. Loading Search