Although ethnic and cultural diversity is a widespread phenomenon that is absent from only a small number of countries, as previously mentioned, this phenomenon is more complex in the African continent than in any other region of the world. Africa represents a unique model of ethnic diversity in several aspects that will be discussed later. The problem of ethnic diversity, or national integration as it is sometimes referred to, is considered one of the greatest challenges that has faced the African continent after independence. Without finding a solution to this problem, it is difficult for the state to achieve the level of stability necessary to enable it to confront other challenges. This book aims to introduce the ethnic conditions of the African continent and the distinctive and unique aspects of African ethnicity. It also presents some models of diversity in the continent and their effects on national integration in the concerned countries, in addition to examining the experiences of these countries in addressing the problems of instability resulting from ethnic diversity.