{"id":1434,"date":"2026-08-11T18:05:59","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T18:05:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bahamakkawi.com\/?p=1434"},"modified":"2026-09-19T07:56:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T07:56:24","slug":"cyber-warfare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bahamakkawi.com\/en\/cyber-warfare\/","title":{"rendered":"Cyber Warfare"},"content":{"rendered":"\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 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\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629(Virtual Societies) \u00a0\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d.\r\n\r\n\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631 (Cyber) \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 kybernetes))\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u00a0 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Cybernetic) \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u00a0<sup>(<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0631 (Norbert Weiner)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 (Cybernetic or Control Communication in the Animal and the Machine).\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641(\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u201d<sup>(<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>)<\/sup>.\r\n\r\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Cyber Power)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a<sup>\u201c(<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftn5\" 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href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a><sup>)<\/sup>. \u0641\u064a 12 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2017\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u064a (Wanna Cry) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 230 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a 99 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628\u060c 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\u0648\u064f\u0635\u0650\u0641\u064e\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a (Leftist Coalition) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a 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\u201d \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0633\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.\r\n\r\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u201d. \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u201c\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u201d<sup>(<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 20.9% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 1.9% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a 18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2005 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 53.7% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631.\r\n\r\n\u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0643\u064a \u201c\u062f\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 47 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a: \u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u063a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0629.<sup>(<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>)<\/sup>.\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0See for example: Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave, William Morrow and Company Inc.,New York 1980.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Also see: Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.<\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 208\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2017\u0645.\u0635 11.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635 5.\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a>\u00a0[4] \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Richard Kissel, \u201cGlossary of Key Information Security Terms\u201d, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S Department of Commerce \u201c<sup>, \u00a0Revision, 2, May 2013, p.57<\/sup>.<\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 208\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2017\u0645.\u0635 3.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2017\u060c \u0635 \u00a07.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 208\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2017\u0645\u060c \u0635 32.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 34.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635 97.\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Dov. H. Levin, When the Great Power Gets a Vote: The Effects of Great Power Electoral Interventions on Election Results, International Studies Quarterly, Volume 60, Issue 2, 1 June 2016, p. 14.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Nina Agrawal, 0p.Cit.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>Kaeten Mistry , Re-thinking American intervention in the 1948 Italian election: Beyond a success-failure dichotomy , https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/232937435<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Nina Agrawal, The U.S. is no stranger to interfering in the elections of other countries, Los Angeles Times, December 21, 2016.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_electoral_intervention.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2002\/jul\/15\/usa.duncancampbell.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bmakkawi.com\/ar\/1067#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0http:\/\/alwaght.com\/ar\/News\/104069\/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2386,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-political-concepts"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a 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